‘Jesus Dynasty’: History or heresy?

Tue, 04/25/2006 - 4:02pm
By: The Citizen

By JILL PROUTY

This is the second installment in a series of commentary by Peachtree City Library Administrator Jill Prouty about reading.

If you watched ABC’s 20/20 recently, you saw the segment by Martin Bashir about a new book by biblical scholar James Tabor called, “The Jesus Dynasty.”

If you didn’t, you may be thinking, “Oh great, another Jesus book,” or, “There’s another so-called scholar cashing in on the popularity of ‘The Da Vinci Code’.” But Tabor’s book, based on a lifetime of research, deserves a closer look.

Tabor gave a lecture at the Georgia Center for the Book at DeKalb County Public Library the Monday after 20/20 aired, which I attended. He adamantly insists that his book is non-fiction, and has nothing whatsoever to do with “The Da Vinci Code.”

In fact, it infuriates him when people ask him if he’s just “cashing in.” Instead, at 60 years old, he felt it was time to sum up his 30 plus years of biblical research and teaching.

Tabor is passionate about his field of study and is popular with his students. I know this because I was a student of his 16 years ago at the University of North Carolina-Charlotte where he is Chair of the Department of Religious Studies.

The book begins with his chance discovery, in 2000, of a recently looted 1st century tomb while hiking just south of Jerusalem. One of his students spotted the freshly dug earth and broken ossuaries surrounding it.

There were two stages of burial for 1st century Jews. First the body was washed and anointed with oil and spices. Then it was wrapped in a burial shroud and left to decompose for as long as a year. When mostly bones were left, the remains were put into an ossuary, a stone box which can be decorated and is often inscribed with the person’s name. They are not unusual to find in that area.

What stunned them all was waiting inside the tomb — the remains of a skeleton along with a burial shroud. Carbon-14 testing confirmed that the shroud was from the 1st century, the first discovery of its kind (the shroud of Turin is now believed to be medieval).

Although the ossuaries were smashed and most of the pieces with inscriptions were stolen, the thieves missed a few. Most notably, “Maria” or Mary written in Aramaic and another that possibly said, “Salome.”

DNA analysis revealed the sibling and maternal links between the individuals in the tomb. The shrouded individual was determined to be male and most likely died of tuberculosis. Could he have been a witness to the crucifixion of Jesus?

Fast-forward two years. Remember the “James son of Joseph brother of Jesus” ossuary that was widely reported in the media? Like me, you may remember it being reported as a forgery.

Tabor claims that while ossuary inscriptions can be forged, they do not contain the ancient patina that coats the surface over time.

Expert paleographers inspected the inscription and found that the patina contained in the letters was ancient, adhering firmly to the stone and, further, no sign of any modern tool was evident.

Despite that evidence, in 2003 the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) declared the inscription a partial forgery and its owner was arrested.

But make no mistake, Tabor believes it to be authentic and many scholars agree with him.

He also suspects it came from his “Tomb of the Shroud,” due to its unique decorative border that resembled one of the reconstructed ossuaries from the tomb as well as the coincidental timing of its appearance. His request to conduct DNA analysis on the James ossuary was denied by the IAA.

Plenty of controversy there - and that’s just in the introduction! At its core, “The Jesus Dynasty” is Tabor’s attempt to recover the historical Jesus free of any theological agenda.

Some of his subjects are both sensitive and controversial, including the paternity of Jesus. As he said during his lecture, “As a historian, I have to believe that all humans have a human father.”

But Tabor’s main argument is that Jesus, being a royal descendant of King David, was in fact establishing a royal dynasty. He argues that Jesus really was proclaimed, “King of the Jews” and was executed by the Romans for that fact.

Further, he claims that John the Baptizer was an equal partner in the Messianic Movement as a priestly descendant of Aaron.

He also maintains that it was Jesus’ brother James, his “beloved disciple,” that became the leader of the early Christian movement, which has been largely marginalized in favor of Paul’s personal revelations leading to the Christianity we know today. He asked the crowd, “Have you read James? You’ll love it! It sounds just like Jesus!”

In “The Jesus Dynasty,” Tabor brings 1st century Palestine to life using ancient texts and archaeological evidence to support his claims. He also freely admits that we will never know some things for sure.

Love it or hate it, “The Jesus Dynasty” is sure to spark heated debate as it climbs its way up the bestseller lists.

Jill Prouty has a master’s degree in library science from Clarion University of Pennsylvania and is the library administrator for Peachtree City (Ga.) Library.

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Submitted by rogger on Wed, 12/09/2009 - 3:19pm.

There have been long debates on this theme and as a convinced christian I am bothered by this whole story. What is the point of all biblical researches and questioning on Jesus life, if Jesus would have wanted us to know something He would have let us know. What do we want to reach? Faith in God and Jesus kept this world going. I believe in Jesus resurrection, I don't question that, it's a symbol of Christianity, why would I want to question that? It's the same with Jesus Dynasty, they can't prove anything for sure, and all they manage to do is put doubt in people's heads...

Submitted by jdtabor on Thu, 04/27/2006 - 8:36am.

Dear Jill,

I want to thank you for your treatment of my book. I thought it was as fair as it was thorough. I have only looked at the two response that are currently up, but my guess is that neither of these individuals have read my book. I have always found it interesting how quickly people are willing to jump in and harshly criticize something they have not even examined. It is actually quite common. No author, unless he/she is a fool, only wants praise and positive reviews, but all of us want fair, civil and considered evaluation. There is a lot more about the book at www.jesusdynasty.com and lots more on Christian Origins in general at my University Web site: jamesdtabor.com. But better yet, as they say, Read the Book!

PTC Guy's picture
Submitted by PTC Guy on Thu, 04/27/2006 - 1:39pm.

Is this in error or is it your position?

Some of his subjects are both sensitive and controversial, including the paternity of Jesus. As he said during his lecture, “As a historian, I have to believe that all humans have a human father.”

If so, you have no credibility as researcher of anything supernatural or spiritual claim.

By definition the supernatural and spiritual transcends the natural, thus the laws governing the natural.

By definition you cannot pre-judge Christ to have been conceived by sexual intercourse.

Researching such in unbiased manner requires one sets aside making findings before the research even begins. You violated a fundamental rule of research.

The supernatural cannot be proved or dismissed directly by science. It must be examined peripherally.

You jump to assumptions unsupported by history that Christ was trying to establish a dynasty. He really ticked off the Pharisees and such by not coming to establish a dynasty.

But you disregard the evidence presented in the Bible, by the contemporary enemies of Christ, and Christians, and so on, that show he did heal and did so much more that defied science.

Can his virgin birth be proven directly? Of course not! But can it by proven probable beyond statistical doubt? Yes!

A statistical analysis was run on the OT prophecies concerning him. Statistically it is impossible to be chance.

When you put all the manuscript and other evidence together, the sum does not prove the divinity of Christ. But, it most assuredly says he defied science and did do the things claimed.

That achieves the point where one must decide to make the leap of faith on the rest.

Throw in other issues, besides Christ, and the evidence builds and builds and build.

Bottom line is how much evidence do you need to make the leap of faith? There is a point after which demanding more becomes absurd.

Having studied historical and other finds for over 40 years, I have seen many such proposals to explain away Jesus. But, as with yours, they are based on assumptions, not actual facts.

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Keeping it real and to the core of the issue, not the peripherals.


muddle's picture
Submitted by muddle on Thu, 04/27/2006 - 9:03am.

Mr. Tabor is correct: I have not read the book.

Nor have I actually read Allegro's "Sacred Mushroom and the Cross."

Nor have I read a book that I have on my shelves, titled, "I Have Found an Elephant in the Bible." The author's thesis is that the symbol of the elephant is the key that unlocks one's understanding of the Bible and the world itself. The trained observer can see that all of the continents of the earth are shaped like elephants. Indeed, we are very much mistaken in thinking that there is a "man in the moon." It is the "elephants in the moon." Don't believe me? Have a peek on the next full moon. The trained eye can also see that the pattern of the Israelites' encampments in their wanderings was perfectly in the shape of an elephant.

Why not give such books a thorough study and *then* offer a refutation? Because of a thing called the context of plausibility. Some theses are plausible even if they turn out to be false. They deserve the attention of thinking people. Others are not and do not.

I take a naturalistic worldview seriously. I'll read Dennett and Dawkins and other naturalistic scientists and philosophers and try to manage a reply from my theistic perspective. I do not take the Raelian religion seriously (a sort of UFO cult that is advocating cloning so that people can live forever by uploading their psyches into a progression of human bodies). I would stand a better chance of turning into a pheasant than becoming a Raelian--or a Scientologist. Do I need to explore the details of either before I am in a position to say something intelligent about it? No. The thesis itself is too wildly implausible given what I already know.

The same goes for Mr. Tabor's book. Assuming that the editorial here accurately described his thesis, then I am safe in assuming that it should be categorized with its cousins, the mushroom and elephant theses.


Submitted by Bonkers on Wed, 12/09/2009 - 5:24pm.

you simply don't understand the man! The one who refutes the author of "Dynasty."

He said Jesus would have let us know what we don't know if he had wanted us to know!

I take that to mean that any questioning or debating or arguing any situation about Jesus is wrong. If you don't fully understand it then you aren't supposed to understand it!

I know you "discuss" it a lot, maybe not mentioning any names, and so do I. Now I'm afraid to say very much.
Knowledge known that one hasn't known before is either a lie or knowledge you weren't supposed to know!

As Don Rumsfeld once said, "there are the knowns, and the unknowns," and the unknowns we don't know, and the unknowns they know but we don't know, and of course those things not known by either side as to a fact or even if they exist!

It does seem a waste of time to want to know more.

PTC Guy's picture
Submitted by PTC Guy on Thu, 04/27/2006 - 1:46pm.

Muddle,

Read this one. Assumptions and conjecture build on no facts.

http://www.jesusdynasty.com/

What I suspect is happening is that he has been taking Gnostic writings seriously. You have to go to them to find anything along the lines of what he is saying.

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Keeping it real and to the core of the issue, not the peripherals.


muddle's picture
Submitted by muddle on Fri, 04/28/2006 - 5:26am.

PTC Guy--

Are you familiar with Wright's work? He's a marvel. He is to New Testament studies what Alvin Plantinga is to philosophy. (And Plantinga is to philosophy what Clapton is to guitar). Eye-wink In fact, my own mentor, a well-known Christian philosopher, paid Wright the highest compliment he could think of: "He's so good he could have been a philosopher!"

Great critical thinker, no nonsense, elegant writing style. Check out this site with a number of his papers and lectures (some on audio):

http://www.ntwrightpage.com/


PTC Guy's picture
Submitted by PTC Guy on Fri, 04/28/2006 - 9:37am.

I have not read his work in-depth.

On the link I read:

Jesus’ Resurrection and Christian Origins

Well said article.

I have had so many debates with those not understanding the distinction of raising from the dead, as with Lazarus, and resurrection. That they are not the same thing.

Or the meanings of 1st and 2nd Resurrections in the significance of the meaning of Day of the Lord (what an abused term!).

I skimmed another. Part company with him over Calvinism. I totally reject Calvinism (Secure Arminianism).

What many of these revisionists do not consider, beyond rejecting actual historical evidence, is that Judaism and Christianity did not rise out of Paganism and other such beliefs. But that Paganism and other such beliefs was a distortion and perversion of knowledge that existed Pre-Bible. And the Bible restored it.

As he points out, while there are similarities, Judaism and Christianity are fully distinct from other religions, both ancient and modern.

We talk about stuff like this on the CTZ Forum. Way to much material to go into here.

But that article, alone, shreds the thinking of such as the 'Jesus Dyanasty.'

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Keeping it real and to the core of the issue, not the peripherals.


PTC Guy's picture
Submitted by PTC Guy on Thu, 04/27/2006 - 2:21pm.

I did some reading there in the library link I found.

Yep. Gnostic books were included in the materials on the beginning of Christianity.

Also, the attempts to declare the resurrection and other core Bible teachings as mythos that developed over time to explain how they came to be without being actual facts, literally.

As said by Muddle, this requires the dismissal of so much evidence and statements. Requires discrediting early writing via assumption and theories that are held superior to the manuscript and other histories.

Kind of like those trying to deny the Holocaust happened.

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Keeping it real and to the core of the issue, not the peripherals.


muddle's picture
Submitted by muddle on Thu, 04/27/2006 - 6:22am.

Is there even a shred of evidence that Jesus was out to establish such a "dynasty"? Or does Tabor make a habit of the sort of fast and loose inferences that you mention: the tooling on the James ossuary was similar to that on those found in the "shroud tomb," so probably it came from the same tomb? But perhaps that was a popular design sold by the Jerusalem shop, Jacob's Discount Ossuaries.

The first major obstacle to Tabor's "theory" is the nature of the New Testament documents themselves. One must wholly discount and discredit the unified account there of Jesus' mission. There is not a whiff either here or in any of the church fathers of the sort of mission that Tabor suggests. Is it permissible in his discipline to pluck ideas out of thin air and project them onto history? Is there any more plausibility to his assertions than is enjoyed by Dan Brown's plot? I prefer John Allegro's 1970 thesis in "The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross," that "Jesus" was actually a mushroom consumed by the Essenes and covered up to keep the Roman authorities in the dark about the fertility cult of the Essenes. This is much more inventive, though no less plausible. (Does the 1970 date of a book on a sacred mushroom tell you anything? That's about the time my buddies and I were out scouring cow pastures for these "sacred" objects.) Here's a representative quote from Allegro.

"If the 'Son of God' turns out to have been originally a mushroom, bearer of the 'Word of God', considered to be the semen of the divine penis, does it really matter what the Church later preached as the Gospel, if they had been so mistaken about the historical basis of their faith? Does it matter if the supreme symbol of God's passion for mankind, the Cross, was originally but a representation of the mushroom and, like the fungus, signified the copulation of penis and vulva as the central sacrament of an age-old fertility cult? Can traditional church worship and ceremonial ever be the same if the processional of priests and servers, headed by a cross, down the nave to the alter is now to be recognized as symbolical of the passage of the male organ through the vagina? Can the mystic rite of the eucharist, when the body and blood of the Christ is chewed and imbibed by the celebrant, ever again achieve the same spiritual potency when it is know to be a pale substitute for the partaking of the sacred fungus, whose drug could raise the perceptive levels of the subject to heights beyond normal comprehension? Can a tasteless wafer and watery wine match the ambrosia and nectar of Amanita muscaria? In short, can the towering pinnacle of ecclesiastical dogma and authority rest securely on a complete misapprehension of their origins?"

Tabor's historical approach also comes saddled with a great deal of metaphysical baggage: the Troeltschian assumption that references to the supernatural must be dismissed a priori. But why should anyone think a thing like that?

James *did* lead the Jerusalem church. No news there. The role that James emphatically did *not* play was that of messianic successor of his brother. The role that James played is explored extensively in the work of British New Testament scholar N.T. Wright. In fact, Wright argues counterfactually that James would have been the perfect candidate for a successor to keep things going had the mission of Jesus ended at the tomb. It is one of his incidental lines of evidence for the historicity iof the resurrection of Jesus.

Wright's monumental series, "Christian Origins and the Question of God"--particularly the two volumes, "Jesus and the Victory of God" and "The Resurrection of the Son of God"--is a healthy antidote to this threadbare approach.


PTC Guy's picture
Submitted by PTC Guy on Wed, 04/26/2006 - 7:44pm.

That sums it up. Theories and conjectures.

His writings are not the first and will not be the last like this.

Plenty of controversy there - and that’s just in the introduction! At its core, “The Jesus Dynasty” is Tabor’s attempt to recover the historical Jesus free of any theological agenda.

Some of his subjects are both sensitive and controversial, including the paternity of Jesus. As he said during his lecture, “As a historian, I have to believe that all humans have a human father.”

He most assuredly voiced a theological agenda there. He entered a study with preconceived conclusions and facts. Thus he discredits himself.

-------------------------------------------------------------
Keeping it real and to the core of the issue, not the peripherals.


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