Cancer killer prevented with regular screenings

The second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men and women, colorectal cancer, is also the most preventable, say oncologists at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston.

“Colorectal cancer is best prevented with regular screenings, preferably before symptoms appear,” said Dr. Garrett Lynch, professor and chief of the hematology and oncology section at BCM. “If colorectal cancer is detected early, it is highly curable.”

Although there are many screening techniques available, Lynch says a procedure known as a colonoscopy generates the most comprehensive view of the colon.

“Most cases of colorectal cancer begin with small tumor like growths, known as polyps, that develop in the lining of the colon or rectum,” said Lynch. “Unlike other screening methods, a colonoscopy evaluates the entire colon, from the lowest part of the rectum to the lowest end of the small intestine.”

Although most polyps are initially benign, they have the potential to turn into cancer. Regular colonoscopies can detect polyps before they become cancerous.

The main risk factor for developing colorectal cancer is advanced age. For that reason, doctors recommend that individuals begin to get routine screenings at age 50. However, those at higher risk for developing the disease should begin screenings at a younger age. Such high risk factors include a genetic predisposition to the disease, and a family or personal history of colorectal cancer, colorectal polyps or inflammatory bowel disease. General risk factors include diets that are high in red meats, physical inactivity, obesity and ethnic background.

In addition to receiving regular screenings, recognizing the symptoms of colorectal cancer can also prevent problems from developing. According to Lynch, symptoms include:

• Abdominal pain.
• Changes in bowel habits.
• Changes in stool size, shape or color.
• Constant need to have a bowel movement that is not relieved by doing so.
• Rectal bleeding or blood in stool.
• Weight loss.
• Weakness and fatigue.

“Although these symptoms may signify conditions other than cancer, it is important to discuss them with a physician,” said Lynch. “The earlier cancer is detected, the better the chance of survival.”